BCA Semester 4 – Database Management System – Unit 9: Transaction and Concurrency Control (4Hrs.)

1. Lost Update Problem A lost update occurs when two transactions read the same data and update it, but the update of one transaction overwrites the update of the other. As a result, one update is l

1. Definition of Timestamp Ordering Protocol Timestamp Ordering (TSO) Protocol is a concurrency control method where each transaction is assigned a unique timestamp when it starts. It ensures that c

Operating Systems / DBMS – Deadlock Detection Using Wait-For Graph --- 1. How a Wait-For Graph Is Constructed? (4 marks) A Wait-For Graph (WFG) is a directed graph used to detect deadlocks in a syste

Unit: Database Management System (DBMS) – Transactions Question: How read and write operations are performed in a transaction? List the various states where transactions can enter into. (5 Marks)

Unit: DBMS – Transaction Management --- 1. States of a Transaction A transaction is a sequence of operations performed as a single logical unit of work. During its lifecycle, a transaction can ente

Unit: DBMS – Stored Procedures, Triggers & Concurrency Control --- 1. Stored Procedure vs Trigger | Feature | Stored Procedure | Trigger | |---------|----------------|---------| | Definition | A pred

Unit: DBMS – Concurrency Control --- 1. Major Purposes of Concurrency Control Concurrency control manages simultaneous execution of transactions in a database to ensure data consistency and integri

Unit: DBMS – Concurrency Control --- 1. Major Purposes of Concurrency Control Concurrency control is essential to manage simultaneous execution of multiple transactions in a database while preserving

ACID Properties of Transactions ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. These properties ensure that database transactions are processed reliably and maintain data integri